# Decomposing and composing units¶

## Reducing a unit to its irreducible parts¶

A unit or quantity can be decomposed into its irreducible parts using the Unit.decompose or Quantity.decompose methods:

>>> from astropy import units as u
>>> u.Ry
Unit("Ry")
>>> u.Ry.decompose()
Unit("2.17987e-18 kg m2 / s2")


You can limit the selection of units that you want to decompose to using the bases keyword argument:

>>> u.Ry.decompose(bases=[u.m, u.N])
Unit("2.17987e-18 m N")


This is also useful to decompose to a particular system. For example, to decompose the Rydberg unit in terms of CGS units:

>>> u.Ry.decompose(bases=u.cgs.bases)
Unit("2.17987e-11 cm2 g / s2")


Finally, if you just want to know how a unit was defined:

>>> u.Ry.represents
Unit("13.6057 eV")


## Automatically composing a unit into more complex units¶

Conversely, a unit may be recomposed back into more complex units using the compose method. Since there may be multiple equally good results, a list is always returned:

>>> x = u.Ry.decompose()
>>> x.compose()
[Unit("Ry"),
Unit("2.17987e-18 J"),
Unit("2.17987e-11 erg"),
Unit("13.6057 eV")]


Some other interesting examples:

>>> (u.s ** -1).compose()
[Unit("Bq"), Unit("Hz"), Unit("3.7e+10 Ci")]


Composition can be combined with Equivalencies:

>>> (u.s ** -1).compose(equivalencies=u.spectral())
[Unit("m"),
Unit("Hz"),
Unit("J"),
Unit("Bq"),
Unit("3.24078e-17 pc"),
Unit("1.057e-16 lyr"),
Unit("6.68459e-12 AU"),
Unit("0.01 k"),
Unit("100 cm"),
Unit("1e+06 micron"),
Unit("1e+07 erg"),
Unit("1e+10 Angstrom"),
Unit("3.7e+10 Ci"),
Unit("4.58743e+17 Ry"),
Unit("6.24151e+18 eV")]


A name doesn’t exist for every arbitrary derived unit imaginable. In that case, the system will do its best to reduce the unit to the fewest possible symbols:

>>> (u.cd * u.sr * u.V * u.s).compose()
[Unit("lm Wb")]


## Converting between systems¶

Built on top of this functionality is a convenience method to convert between unit systems.

>>> u.Pa.to_system(u.cgs)
[Unit("10 P / s"), Unit("10 Ba")]


There is also a shorthand for this which only returns the first of many possible matches:

>>> u.Pa.cgs
Unit("10 P / s")


This is equivalent to decomposing into the new system and then composing into the most complex units possible, though to_system adds some extra logic to return the results sorted in the most useful order:

>>> u.Pa.decompose(bases=u.cgs.bases)
Unit("10 g / (cm s2)")
>>> _.compose(units=u.cgs)
[Unit("10 Ba"), Unit("10 P / s")]